| Memory {base} | R Documentation |
How R manages its workspace.
R has a variable-sized workspace. Prior to R 2.15.0 there were (rarely-used) command-line options to control its size, but it is now sized automatically.
On Windows the --max-mem-size option (or environment variable
R_MAX_MEM_SIZE) sets the maximum memory allocation: it has a
minimum allowed value of 32M. This is intended to catch attempts to
allocate excessive amounts of memory which may cause other processes
to run out of resources. See also memory.limit.
R maintains separate areas for fixed and variable sized objects. The first of these is allocated as an array of cons cells (Lisp programmers will know what they are, others may think of them as the building blocks of the language itself, parse trees, etc.), and the second are thrown on a heap of ‘Vcells’ of 8 bytes each. Each cons cell occupies 28 bytes on a 32-bit build of R, (usually) 56 bytes on a 64-bit build.
The default values are (currently) an initial setting of 350k cons cells, 6Mb of vector heap: note that the areas are not actually allocated initially: rather these values are the sizes for triggering garbage collection. Thereafter R will grow or shrink the areas depending on usage, never decreasing below the initial values.
You can find out the current memory consumption (the heap and cons
cells used as numbers and megabytes) by typing gc() at the
R prompt. Note that following gcinfo(TRUE), automatic
garbage collection always prints memory use statistics.
The command-line option --max-ppsize controls the maximum size of the pointer protection stack. This defaults to 50000, but can be increased to allow deep recursion or large and complicated calculations to be done. Note that parts of the garbage collection process goes through the full reserved pointer protection stack and hence becomes slower when the size is increased. Currently the maximum value accepted is 500000.
An Introduction to R for more command-line options.
Memory-limits for the design limitations.
gc for information on the garbage collector and total
memory usage, object.size(a) for the (approximate)
size of R object a. memory.profile for
profiling the usage of cons cells.
memory.size to monitor total memory usage,
memory.limit for the current limit.