n <- length(Y) | | #1: set length of vector Y |
ret <- log(Y[-1]/Y[-n]) | | #2: calculate log return |
colors = c("red", "yellow", "green", "violet", "orange", "blue", "pink", "cyan") | | #3: define colors |
barplot(ret, col=colors, main="Return", xlab="Y", ylab="Return (%)") | | #4: plot the return |
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